Futhark

Alphabet Evolutio Futhark The Runic alphabet is derived from one or more scripts which ultimately trace their roots back to the Phoenician alphabet. [|Runic Alphabet]



Archaeological finds make it clear that the original Germanic Futhark contained twenty-four runes. To accommodate new sounds which entered the languages, the Old English Futhark expanded to twenty-nine runes. There is also evidence of an even later addition of four more runes representing q, k, st and g; making a Futhark of thirty-three.

The additional five runes are ac, aesc, yr, iar and ear; respectively oak, ash, bow, beaver, and dust. These translations are based on the Old English Rune Poem, which is the foundation of all runic translations. http://www.hogwartsishere.com/library/book/1587/read/?chapter=3



ANGLO-SAXON 33-RUNE FUTHARK

http://www.arild-hauge.com/eanglor.htm



Keningston Stone

found in Minnesota in 1898 "Eight Geats (Swedes) and twenty-two Norwegians on an exploration journey from Vinland to the west. We had camp by two skerries one day's journey north from this stone. We were [out] to fish one day. After we came home [we] found ten men red of blood and dead. AVM ( [|Ave Virgen Maria] ) save [us] from evil.""[We] have ten men by the sea to look after our ships, fourteen days' travel from this island. [In the] year 1362."