Iroquois+Confederacy+and+the+US+Constitution

Native American History and Culture [|Colonial commissioners addressing Iroquois leaders in Philadelphia, August, 1775] Similarities and Differences of the U.S. Constitution and the Iroquois Confederacy Iroquois Confederacy and the US Constitution  

"[T]he Five Nations of Central New York . . . instituted a form of democratic representative government before the coming of the white man, that antedated the Confederation of the Thirteen Colonies. The League of the Iroquois was much in the minds of the colonial statesmen, Franklin in particular, and others who met the "Romans of the New World." -William N. Fenton, 1939-41 "Ethnology of the Iroquois Indians of U.S. and Canada," in William N. Fenton Papers,  Box entitled: Correspondence from field, 1939-1941 and Reports to Matthew W. Sterling, 1939-1951 in Manuscript # 20, American Philosophical Society.

[|Images of our Forefathers] [|The Six Nations: Oldest Living Participatory Democracy on Earth]

Mohawk: People Possessors of the Flint Onondaga: People on the Hills Seneca: Great Hill People Oneida: Granite People Cayuga: People at the Mucky Land Tuscaroras:

By Cynthia Feathers and Susan Feathers  Ben Franklin wrote a letter to James Parker, his New York City printing partner, about the importance of the Iroquois Indians. He said,
 * Franklin and the Iroquois Foundations **
 * of the Constitution **

"It would be a very strange Thing, if six Nations of Ignorant Savages should be capable of forming a Scheme for such an Union, and be able to execute it in such a Manner, as that it has subsisted Ages, and appears indissoluble; and yet that a like Union should be impracticable for ten or a Dozen English Colonies, to whom it is more necessary, and must be more advantageous; and who cannot be supposed to want an equal Understanding of their Interests." [|Ben Franklin] <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 35px; text-align: right;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 35px; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 35px; text-align: left;">Despite his use of the phrase Ignorant Savages, evidence shows that Franklin had a healthy respect for the Iroquois, and his language seems intended not as an insult to the Six Nations but as a backhanded slap at the colonists—who, in Franklin’s opinion, could learn a lot from the Iroquois about political unity....

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 35px; text-align: left;">The Iroquois Confederacy had been a functioning democracy for centuries by Franklin’s day. Sometime between 1000 and 1450, the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca Nations came together to become the Iroquois Confederacy, and in the early 18th century they were joined by the Tuscaroras. Referred to as the Six Nations by the English, and the Iroquois by the French, the Confederacy called themselves the Haudenosaunee, or “People Building a Long House.”...

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 35px; text-align: left;">Franklin carried the Iroquois concept of unity to Albany in 1754, where he presented his plan of union loosely patterned after the Iroquois Confederation. Several Iroquois leaders attended the Congress, convened at an Albany courthouse, to cement an alliance with the Iroquois against the French and to devise a plan for a union of the colonies.... <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 35px; text-align: right;">

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<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 35px; text-align: right;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 35px; text-align: right;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 35px; text-align: right;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 35px; text-align: left;">In 1775, treaty commissioners from the Continental Congress met with the chiefs of the Six Nations “to inform you of the advice that was given about thirty years ago, by your wise forefathers.” While independence was debated by the Continental Congress, the visiting Iroquois chiefs were formally invited to attend...

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 35px; text-align: left;">Numerous scholars believe that the Albany Plan was a landmark on the road that led to the Continental Congresses, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution.... In 1988, the 100th U.S. Congress passed a concurrent resolution acknowledging the contribution of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy to the development of the U.S. government. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">[|Franklin and the Iroquois Foundations of the Constitution] <span style="font-family: Georgia,Times New Roman,Times,serif;">. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 35px; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 35px;">The Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy, one of the world's oldest democracies, is at least three centuries older than most previous estimates, according to research by Barbara Mann and Jerry Fields of Toledo University, Ohio. Using a combination of documentary sources, solar eclipse data, and Iroquois oral history, Mann and Fields assert that the Iroquois Confederacy's body of law was adopted by the Senecas (the last of the five nations to ratify it) August 31, 1142. The ratification council convened at a site that is now a football field in Victor, New York. The site is called Gonandaga by the Seneca. [|Dating the Iroquois Confederacy]